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The food that we eat consists some component that are required by our body. These components are called nutrients.
The major types of nutrients are as follows:
Carbohydrates:
The food such as rice gives carbohydrates which is required by our body to generate energy. We need energy to almost every work.
Fats:
Fats also provide energy but more than carbohydrates. Oily food items such as ghee and butter contains fats. Excessive amount of fat may lead to obesity.
Proteins:
Protein helps to build our muscles. Egg, meat, gram, or moong contains proteins.
Minerals:
Mineral helps in the maintenance of our body. It also ensures the growth and development of our body. Example: we get iron from spinach.
Vitamins:
The main function of vitamin is to protect us from diseases. Food that contain vitamins are wheat, mango, tomato etc.
Following are the various types of vitamins:
Vitamin A helps to keep our eyes healthy. Food such as mango and carrot contains vitamin A.
Vitamin B helps our cells to function properly. Wheat and rice contains vitamin B.
Vitamin B-complex prevents infection in our body. Milk, cheese, and eggs are rich in vitamin B-complex.
Vitamin C protects us from many diseases. Orange and tomatoes are rich in vitamin C.
Vitamin D provides strength to our teeth and bones. Milk is rich in vitamin D.
The other name for fibre is roughage. Roughage helps in the proper management of undigested food in our body. Fruits and vegetables contain roughage.
A diet that contains food from all the food groups i.e. energy giving food, protective food and body building food is called balance diet. Balance diet is necessary for the proper growth of the body.
The diseases caused due to deficiency of nutrient in our body are called deficiency disease.
The Table below showing the disease caused due to deficiency of nutrients:
|
Nutrients |
Diseases |
Symptoms |
|
Vitamin A |
Night blindness |
Loss of vision |
|
Vitamin B1 |
Beriberi |
Muscles becomes weak |
|
Vitamin C |
Scurvy |
Bleeding gums |
|
Vitamin D |
Rickets |
Weak and bent bones |
|
Calcium |
Weak bones and teeth |
Weak bones and tooth |
|
Iodine |
Goiter |
The neck is swollen |
|
Iron |
Anemia |
Weakness in the body |