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NCERT Solutions for class 9 Economics Food security in India

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Exercise

Q1. How is food security ensured in India?

Ans: In India, the public distribution system works which is a network of ration shops that provide food grains to poor people in India at a much lower rate than market price.

Q2. Which are the people more prone to food insecurity?

Ans: Landless people, traditional artisan, providers of traditional services, petty self-employed, workers SC, ST, and some sections of OBC are food insecure in India.

Q3. Which states are more food insecure in India?

Ans: Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, and some parts of Madhya Pradesh are the states more food insecure in India.

Q4. Do you believe that green revolution has made India self-sufficient in food grains? How?

Ans: Yes, green revolution has made India self-sufficient in food grains because it aimed to increase the production of wheat and rice. After that, India never faced a shortage of food grain supply even in worst cases such as drought and famine.

Q5. A section of people in India are still without food. Explain?

Ans: Poorest of poor, landless people, casual labors, people having traditional work and people living in remote areas are still without food because they have low income level or are unable to access the food easily.

Q6. What happens to the supply of food when there is a disaster or a calamity?

Ans: During a natural disaster or a calamity, the production of food declines that leads to shortage of supply of food grains in that case government uses their buffer stock to provide food to people of the affected areas free of cost.

Q7. Differentiate between seasonal hunger and chronic hunger?

Ans: Chronic hunger:  This hunger is more common in people having low income because they cannot afford food all the time.

Seasonal hunger: This hunger is related to the production of crops. In case, if crop production in a year is less than the requirement, most people of the country may suffer from seasonal hunger.

Q8. What has our government done to provide food security to the poor? Discuss any two schemes launched by the government?

Ans: The government of India has set up a Public Distribution system and Revamped Public Distribution System for the supply of food grains to the poor people in India. Two important schemes are as follows:

  1. Antyodaya Anna Yojana: This scheme was launched in 2002 for the poorest of the poor people in India. It ensures the supply of 35 kg of food grains to them. The issue price for wheat was Rs. 2 and for the rice, it was Rs. 3.
  2. Annpurna Scheme: This scheme was launched in 2004 for the indigent senior citizens. The aim of the scheme was to supply a 10 kg of food grains to them free of cost.

Q9. Why buffer stock is created by the government?

Ans: Buffer stock is the stock of surplus food grains that is purchased by the government from the farmers so that it can be used during natural calamities where there is a shortage of food supply. Also, this buffer stock is used to provide food grains to the poor section of the society at much lower rate than the market price.

Q10. Write notes on:

(a) Minimum support price

(b) Buffer stock

(c) Issue price

(d) Fair price shops

Ans: (a) Minimum support price: It is the price fixed by the Government of India before cropping season at which the Government will purchase the surplus grains from the farmers.

(b) Buffer stock: It the stock of food grains that is stored by the Food Corporation of India in Granaries that can be used in times of natural disasters, when there is a shortage of food supply.

(c) Issue price: It is the price at which Government supply food grains to the poor people through dedicated ration shops. This price is less than market price.

(d) Fair price shops: These are the dedicated ration shops that operate under the Food Corporation of India and supply the food grains to poor people at lower rate than market price.

Q11. What are the problems of the functioning of ration shops?

Ans: The problems with the functioning of ration shops are as follows:

  1. Sometimes the dealer sold the food grain in the open market to earn more money.
  2. They sell the poor-quality grains at the ration shop.
  3. They rarely open their shops that pile up all the food grain to FCI.

Q12. Write a note on the role of cooperatives in providing food and related items.

Ans: Cooperatives are playing important role in providing food and related food items. Some examples are as follows:

  1. In Tamil Nadu, 94% of the fair-price shops are operated by cooperatives.
  2. Mother Dairy has also made provision for providing milk and vegetables to consumers at an affordable rate.
  3. Amul is also working as a Cooperative in milk and Milk products from Gujarat. It has also brought white revolution in India.
  4. In Maharashtra, the Academy of Development science is working with the network of many NGOs that worked as a food grain Bank to ensure availability of food to the poor people in the country.

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