NCERT Revision notes for class 7 Geography Environment

Environment

The surrounding area of an organism is called its environment. It includes both human and natural environment.

Biotic environment: All the living things together are called biotic environment. Example: Plants and animals.

Abiotic environment: All non-living things together are called abiotic environment. Example: soil and air.

Natural environment

The environment created by the nature is called natural environment, which includes air, water, land, soil etc.

The natural environment consists of four components:

1. Lithosphere: It is the solid topmost layer of the earth, which is made up of Rocks and Minerals and is covered by a thin layer of soil.
2. Hydrosphere: All the water bodies together form the Hydrosphere. Examples river, sea, ocean etc.
3. Atmosphere: The thin layer of air that surrounds our earth is called atmosphere. The atmosphere protect us from the the harmful rays of sun.
4. Biosphere: A place where lithosphere, Hydrosphere and Atmosphere met each other is called biosphere. Biosphere is essential for life.

Human made environment

The various things constructed and created by humans consist of human made environment. Example bus, bridges, road, railway stations etc.

Ecosystem: The interdependence and interaction of living organisms with each other and with the physical and chemical factors such as air and water is called the ecosystem.

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