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NCERT Solutions for class 8 Science Crop production and management

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Exercise

Q1: Select the correct word from the following list and fill in the blanks:

Float, water, crop, nutrients, preparation

  1. The same kind of plants grown and cultivated on a large scale at a place is called crop.
  2. The first step before growing crops is preparation of the soil.
  3. Damaged seeds would float on top of water.
  4. For growing a crop, sufficient sunlight and water and nutrients from the soil are essential.

Q2: Match items in column A with items in column B

Ans:

Column A

Column B

Kharif crops

Paddy and maize

Rabi crops

Wheat,  gram and pea

Chemical fertilizer

Urea and super phosphate

Organic manure

Animal excreta, cow dung, urine and plant waste

Q3: Give two examples of each:

  1. Kharif crops

Ans: Paddy and Maize

  1. Rabi crops

Ans: Wheat and pea

Q4: Write a paragraph in your own words on each of the following:

  1. Preparation of soil

Ans: Before sowing the seeds, the soil is ploughed with help of plough of tractor so that it gets loose. This is known as preparation of soil.

  1. Sowing

Ans: The process by which the seeds are sown in the field is called sowing. Either funnel or seed drills can be used.

  1. Weeding

Ans: The process of removing weeds from the field using weedicides is called weeding.

  1. Threshing

Ans: The process of removing chaff from the grains is called threshing.

Q5: Explain how fertilizer is different from manure.

Ans: please refer to the notes, answer Is already given above.

Q6: What is irrigation? Describe the two methods of irrigation which conserve water.

Ans: Irrigation is the process of giving water to the crops at a regular interval. It is the most important factor in crop production that ensures better yielding of crops. Rain is the primary source of irrigation in India.

The two method that conserve water are:

  1. Sprinkler system
  2. Drip irrigation system

Sprinkler system consist a several pipes laid down in the fields and several perpendicular pipes standing straight on these pipes. These perpendicular pipes sprinkle water into the field whenever the water is send from the source.

Drip irrigation system consist several pipes laid down in the fields and small holes are made so that when the water is released from the source it drips from these holes onto the roots of the plants.

Q7: If wheat is sown in Kharif season, what would happen? Discuss.

Ans: In Kharif season it rains heavily and if wheat is sown in this season it will get damaged because unlike rice, wheat require less water to grow.

Q8: Explain how soil gets affected by the continuous plantation of crops in a field.

Ans: With continuous plantation of crops on the same field the nutrients of the soil vanish away faster and won’t get enough time to replenish. If the plantation is continued for a long time without giving a break the soil may completely lose its fertility.

Q9: What are weeds? How can we control them?

Ans: Weeds are the unwanted grass that grows in the field. These weeds use the nutrients of the soil that may lead to shortage for crops. Thus, it becomes necessary to remove them.

 Weedicides (which is a chemical) can be used to remove these weeds by spraying it on them. However, many farmer manually remove them with the help of Khurpi.

Q10: Arrange the following boxes in proper order to make a flow chart of sugarcane crop production.

Ans:

  1. Preparation of soil
  2. Ploughing the field
  3. Sowing
  4. Manuring
  5. Irrigation
  6. Harvesting
  7. Sending crop to sugar factory

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